BA SUNY Buffalo 1970; MA, PhD University of Chicago 1973, 1978
The Kazakhs (Hoover Institution Press, 1987, expanded, revised edition, 1995), The New Central Asian States (U.S. Institute of Peace, 1996), three edited volumes; more than 50 articles, including several in Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, Current History and Orbis
Director, Central Asian American Enterprise Fund; Senior Associate, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; consultant for business firms and various U.S. and international government agencies; consultant on Central Asian Affairs for former Acting Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger