BA University of British Columbia 1961; MA, PhD Yale University 1962, 1970
International trade and finance, monetary economics, economic history
International coordination of economic policies, especially in the area of tariffs, energy and exchange rates / Great Britain, Canada
"An Assessment of the Impact of Free Trade in North America" (1986); The Regional Impact of the Canadian Tariff (1979), English and French editions
Economist with Department of Regional Economic Expansion of the Canadian Government 1971-73